Attention Modifies Gender Differences in Face Recognition*

Gender differences favoring women have been found in face recognition, and in addition to this, it has been shown that women remember more female than male faces. This own-gender effect may be a result of women directing more attention towards female faces, resulting in a better memory. The aim of this study was to assess the role of attention for gender differences in face recognition and women’s own-gender bias by dividing attention at encoding of faces. Thirty-two participants completed two recognition conditions: one where faces at presentation were fully attended and one where a second task was performed simultaneously. Women remembered more female faces than men did when encoded under full attention. This difference disappeared when attention was divided. Less attentional resources might have hindered women from using their assumed expertise processing of faces.